As the novel coronavirus spread through the United States in mid-March, so did mis- and disinformation about impending governmental action. On March 16, 2020, media outlets such as the New York Times and Vox published articles on rumors circulating via text message that warned of an imminent national quarantine or lockdown. … More Reporting an Attribution Claim from Anonymous Sources
Sometimes, an attribution story begins when a prominent individual or group makes a public statement speculating on who might be behind a cyber incident or influence operation, but without issuing a report or other evidence to support the claim. Below is the recommended workflow. How the story begins: An individual or a group uses language … More Prominent Figures Workflow
Before writing your story: Know your limitations and gaps in knowledge. Do you have the expertise or experience to conduct your own investigation into attribution, or to interpret the evidence of attribution you are offered? If not, does your newsroom have reporters with the expertise to help you investigate or pull apart the data? If … More Tips for Writing Your Story
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The capabilities, access to information, motivations, interests and incentives for private-sector cybersecurity firms and research organizations may look different from other entities that make attribution judgments. They may: Have business incentives for issuing public attribution judgments, which helps raise their profile in a competitive marketplace. Have greater visibility into computing networks: companies such as FireEye … More Cybersecurity Firms and Research Organizations Workflow
The capabilities, access to information, motivations, interests and incentives of platforms may look different from other entities making attribution judgments. Platforms may: Withhold public attribution due to privacy law concerns. Have greater visibility in certain operations, such as influence operations, as they have access to account metadata that the public or other entities do not. … More Platforms Workflow
The capabilities, access to information, motivations, interests and incentives of government agencies may look different from other entities that make attribution judgments. Government agencies may: Make an attribution claim, but choose not to disclose classified information behind the claim or explain its methodology or sources. Be incentivized to make a public stance of certainty, in … More Government Agencies Workflow
How do researchers and analysts sift through the evidence to make an attribution? These examples may help journalists understand how difficult attribution can be and how to weigh the information they’re given —which in some cases may conflict. … More Assigning Attributions
Cyber attribution is very difficult, and yet there is no standardized method for the process. This page surveys current literature and practices that will help journalists understand the process and nuances of attribution … More Attribution Models & Frameworks
Though journalists might not report directly about how an entity monitors threats, understanding the greater context of how analysts identify and prevent a threat actor from reaching its goal gives journalists a better ability to judge the attribution claims they receive … More Threat Monitoring Frameworks
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